home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=89TT1526>
- <link 91TT1965>
- <link 90TT1496>
- <link 90TT0424>
- <title>
- June 12, 1989: A Soviet Volcano Of Words And Wishes
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- The New USSR And Eastern Europe
- June 12, 1989 Massacre In Beijing
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 35
- SOVIET UNION
- A Volcano of Words and Wishes
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Past sins and present frustrations dominate the Congress
- </p>
- <p>By John Kohan/Moscow
- </p>
- <p> As the newly constituted Congress of People's Deputies
- swung into its second week of parliamentary pyrotechnics, a
- well-muscled representative from Moscow stepped onto the podium.
- For days, the Palace of Congresses had echoed with a litany of
- the sins of past regimes. But here was a man, apparently in full
- possession of his senses, delivering a passionate condemnation
- of the once unassailable KGB.
- </p>
- <p> Deputy Uri Vlasov, a 1960 Olympics gold-medal weight
- lifter, blistered the KGB as "that most secret and
- conspiratorial of all state institutions." Vlasov should know:
- in 1953 the Committee for State Security hauled off his father,
- a diplomat, and the man was never seen again. Make the KGB's
- budget public and give the Congress the right to appoint its
- head, urged Vlasov. Move the agency to modest offices in
- Moscow's suburbs. Turn its forbidding headquarters at
- Dzerzhinsky Square into a library. "The bloody history of the
- main building is too unforgettable," he said. "This is where,
- for decades, orders for the destruction and persecution of
- millions were sent out. This service sowed grief, cries,
- torture on its native land."
- </p>
- <p> That speech drew a standing ovation from virtually the
- entire assemblage. Even President Mikhail Gorbachev applauded
- briefly. More significantly, the new KGB boss, Vladimir
- Kryuchkov, told reporters after Vlasov's moving outburst that
- the new Soviet legislature would consider following the U.S.
- fashion and naming a committee to oversee intelligence
- operations.
- </p>
- <p> As the complaints wore on, Gorbachev had reason to wonder,
- perhaps for the hundredth time, what he--and glasnost--had
- wrought. While his countrymen sat transfixed before their TV
- and radio sets, the Deputies who filled the vast hall continued
- to unleash frustration, criticism and not a little invective at
- their rulers--even at Gorbachev himself. Some Muscovites said
- they found the show so riveting they had to keep their heart
- pills handy. Others admitted they watched and wept. One
- Transcaucasian Deputy aptly called the assembly a "volcano of
- words and wishes."
- </p>
- <p> Amid all the week's eruptions, Gorbachev continued to
- dominate. In a 95-minute policy speech, he offered help for
- low-income Soviets, ordered an audit of all the benefits and
- privileges enjoyed by the ruling elite, and called for cuts in
- capital construction and the space program. He promised to
- reduce next year's defense budget 14% and disclosed that Moscow
- spent considerably more on the military than many of the
- Deputies suspected: about $130 billion a year, or some 9% of the
- Soviet Union's gross national product. Western leaders had long
- sought such an admission, but analysts insist that Gorbachev is
- still not leveling about defense layouts. Most think the
- military budget consumes somewhere between 12% and 16% of the
- country's GNP, and a few surmises go even higher. But
- Gorbachev's major concern remained his economic-reform program,
- stalled, he complained, by "inconsistency, indecision,
- halfheartedness, zigzagging and even backpedaling."
- </p>
- <p> Adding yet more fire to the proceedings was the
- reappearance of Boris Yeltsin, the crusty, populist former
- leader of Moscow's Communist Party. Earlier, he had failed to
- win a seat in the new Supreme Soviet, and that, it seemed, was
- the end of his thrust for position. But then Deputy Alexei
- Kazannick, an obscure university professor from Siberia, rose
- and announced that he would relinquish his place to Yeltsin. As
- applause rang through the hall, Gorbachev watched impassively
- from the raised tribunal before he told the hushed assembly, "In
- principle, I support such a proposal."
- </p>
- <p> Yeltsin got the seat--and lost no time in pursuing his
- favorite themes. Sounding very much like the leader of the
- opposition, he charged that Gorbachev's recent self-criticism
- "did not absolve him of responsibility for the failure of his
- reforms." Punching away at the party apparatus and its
- privileges, he urged that the "word nomenklatura"--a reference
- to the 3 million or so holders of top jobs allocated by the
- party--"be dropped from our lexicon." Yeltsin also called for
- election of a new Central Committee and demanded that the
- President submit to an annual vote of confidence, warning that
- if power continued to be concentrated in the hands of one man,
- "we may find ourselves captives of a new authoritarian regime."
- </p>
- <p> From other radical speakers came a similar catalog of
- complaints. Journalist-Deputy Yuri Chernichenko took a daring
- jab at Politburo conservative Yegor Ligachev, wondering why he
- had been placed in charge of agriculture when "he was absolutely
- ignorant of this sphere and had failed with ideology." Others
- called for a review of the events in the Georgian capital of
- Tbilisi last April, when soldiers and riot squads attacked
- demonstrators with shovels and, it is alleged, with poison gas,
- killing 20. The probing questions continued until the new First
- Vice President and nonvoting Politburo member, Anatoli Lukyanov,
- was moved to read out three hitherto secret telegrams sent from
- the Georgian party leadership, absolving the Kremlin of any
- direct responsibility.
- </p>
- <p> All told, the lacerating rough-and-tumble debate set
- important precedents for a nation learning the ground rules of
- democracy. "The major achievement," said Estonian Deputy Siim
- Kallas, "has been showing the people that Deputies can pose
- questions to the higher authorities." More important, of course,
- are the answers. A Moscow woman told the daily Moskovsky
- Komsomolets, "In other countries, if people express
- dissatisfaction with their government, it steps down. What about
- ours?" A Moscow worker offered an equally blunt assessment: "I
- like the way they are letting off steam, but we're not better
- fed because of it."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-